Chromosomal defects and caesarean birth.

The definition of colic was stated in the introductory lines; the healthy babies had expressed colic of three to 13 hours' duration daily, only cases 2 and 6 occasionally having had daily colic of shorter duration than three hours: washout periods have no relevance in this context: any food between treatments might produce carry over effect; professional statisticians were consulted about proper statistical methods. Based on previous reports' A we decided that one week on each milk preparation should be sufficient for spontaneous recovery. We knew that only in 50% of infants would colic resolve by the age of 3 months, particularly children with severe colic who may have extended duration of the problem. Cases 2 and 9 provided a slight decline in the overall percentage of symptomatic days. Most days colic was present even during the last treatment. A closer look at the information provided in the Tables shows that two children had their longest daily colic during the first treatment, four during the second treatment, two during the third treatment, and two during the last treatment. Three children had their shortest daily colic during the first treatment, three during the second treatment, one during the third treatment, and three during the last treatment. A systematic error by order of treatment is therefore definitely ruled out. We are sorry for confusing those who were satisfied with the present knowledge about the aetiology of infantile colic. We feel that colic is not a uniform entity nor that milk is the universal cause of the problem. Unfortunately, formulas free from cow's milk are now commonly and uncritically given to infants with colic by health professionals and laymen.